George hates



(No Model.)

G;HAYES.

VENTILATING SKYLIGHT.

Patented Mar. 18, 1884.-

a PETERS, mwmu wr. Washingmn. u. c.

Utiirno STATES enonon HAYES, on NEW roan, n. r.

VENTiLATlNG-SKYLEGHT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Application filed July 17, 1883. (No model.)

To all whom it 11w, concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE HAYES, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ventilating-Sky]ights, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide for ventilation in. skylights by a device which will permit of effective ventilating at or near the ridge of the skylight without obstructing the light, and also to obviate the necessity of elevating the skylight upon the vertical ventilatingwalls of aturret, as heretofore fre- IS quently done, and which is always an expensive method. The turret arrangement ventilates beneath the bars of the skylight, and does not. remove the heated air, which accumulates within the skylight directly under the glass from base to ridge.

Heretofore ventilators consisting of sheet metal boxes have been placed at the ridge, or so formed in the skylight as to constitute vits ridge, for the purpose of removing the heated air at that point; but all such devices occupy space within the light-distributing area, and, being of opaque material, reduce the lighting capacity of the skylight according to their width and length. This defective method is 0 entirely obviated by my herein-described ventilator.

A further object is to obtain erossdraft at the ridge part of the skylight, and so remove heat from beneath theglass; also to diminish 3 5 weight as far as possible at the ridge,while obtaining greater strength and stiii'ness in the structure; also more effective ventilation.

The nature of my invention consists in con structing ventilators one or more) at the hi gh- 0 est part of the slope of the skylight and adjacent to the ridge by first creating or providing one or moreapcrtures in the slope, either by cutting out or omitting the glass'snfficiently for that purpose in one or more of 5 the sections; and, seconrhby providing the apertures with glazed hoods, servingto pro tect the opening or openings from storms and downward currents of air, the glass of the hood or hoods admitting light freely. Each and every hood so constructed is formed with one open face, through which air may pass out orirnand the open face,whcn desirable, is pro Patent 'No. 295,168, dated ll/Iarch 18, 188

[ vided with one or more stationary or movable louver slats or valves, suitable to regulate the currents of air, and, when desirable, is also provided with a perforated or reticulated screen, serving to keep out snow, hail, or rain in exposed situations.

It also consists in providing the upper edge of the glass at the ventilating-aperture in the slope of the skylight with a cross-bar or borderbar, serving to sustain the upper edge of the glass, said bar being provided with a gutter located beneath the glass, communicating with the gutters of the sloping bars, so that any water reaching the upper edge of the A glass beneath the hood at the opening maybe readily carried o'ffland no leakage reach to the interior of the building beneath.

It further consists in extending the ridgebar lengthwise beyond the slope, when the form of skylight is the hipped variety, to make the extended ridge serve beyond the apex of the hip) as the ridge to one of the aforesaid ventilator-hoods, and this may be done at both ends of the skylight.

It also consists in combining with the said ext-ended ridge sioping bars running from the extended ridge-bar down to sloping bars of the skylight, whether hip or intermediate bars, to provide for the open face of the hood, and also to, constitute a frame, to which, in conjunction with sloping bars and extended ridge bar, glass may be applied to create the sides and top of the hood,and so form a raised glass roofover the aperture in the sloping section of the skylight.

It further consists in an upward or vertical the skylight at one or more points intermediate of its length or throughout its entire length, this-formation of ridge to serve as a support for one or more plates of glass, constituting a roof to one or more hoods arranged each side of the ridge of the skylight over apertures in one or more of the sections between the sloping bars, so that similar means of ventilation may be provided at such points.

It further consists in combining with the aforesaid vertical-extended ridge sloping bars and vertical bars forming a frame, which, when glazed, will constitute the sides and roof of side hoods of the skylight.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 extension or superaddition to the ridge-harof shows in perspective a skylight of the hipped variety having two of my end or gable ventilators and two of my lengthwise ridge-ventilators, the ventilators having faces open and without valves or louvers. Fig. 2 shows an end elevation of the same, the face of the end or gable ventilator provided with louver-slats. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of onehalf the skylight of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows a vertical lengthwise section of one-half of the same skylight. Fig 5 shows in perspective a square skylight (hipped) having four of my gable-ventilators, illustrating how they may be applied to obtain cross-drafts from all sides. Fig. 6 shows in perspective a doublepitch skylight provided with two of my vertical extended-ridge ventilators. Fig. 7. shows in perspective a single-pitch skylight provided with thesame ventilator at its highest part or ridge. Fig. 8 is an enlarged crosssection of the border or cross-bar provided with rabbet and gutter, also a curved portion above the glass, to check water and throw it back, if any should reach under the hood so far. The glassis shown in section, and a portion of the side bar is also shown. In Fig. 4 this crossbar is shown in its proper position in the skylight. Fig. 9 shows in perspective a hipped skylight with end ventilators, illustrat'ng a modification in the hood, which is formed with a glazed portion, as a roof. The face in this instance does not form a gable. By this means the necessity of extending the ridge to the extremity of the hood is avoided, and awider hood may be obtained. Fig. 10 is a crosssection of the vertically-extended ridge-bar, with portions of the glazing adjacent, also in section. A nosing or metallic water-shed is shown in section at the lower edges of the glass forming the roof of the hood.

A represents the base-frame of the skylight; B, the ridge-bar; G,thehip-bars; D, intermediate bars, and E the glass plates. All of these parts may be constructed in any of the usual forms. i

F represents the opening or openings in the slope of the skylight, adjacent to the apex or ridge, the glazing being cut away or omitted at this point in one or more of the sections, so that an outlet-space is left. To'protect and shelter this opening from indriving storms, I

.form a' hood or roof of metal frame-work with an open face. I do not confine myself to any peculiarity of form in bending up the metal for the frame-work. 1

In a hipped skylight to obtain ventilation at the ends, I extend the ridge-bar'B, as shown at B, and at its outermost extremity I provide bars G, attached thereto and extending downward at a slope to reach the hip-bars G, as.

.any suitable shape.

edge of the glass section of the skylight is beneath the hood and entirely within under shelter. end of the skylight, currents of airmay pass in at one end and out at the other, so that a free'circulation may be obtained, thereby extracting all the heated air from beneath the glass plates of the skylight, so that they will remain cool at all times.

In situations where exposed to violent storms, snow, hail, &c.. I provide the open face-of the hood with louver-slats or valves.

When a ventilator is formed at each The slats may be stationary or movable, and

as many as necessary. A single-valve sash (glazed) may be used, if desired, so that one or both of the hoods may be entirely closed, if necessary, the sash fitting into the triangular face of the hood; but this would only be necessary in very exposed situations when a very violent storm was raging. Louver-slats are shown in Fig. 2 at I, and, if desired, a screen of perforated metal or wire-gauze may he used to cover the face of the slat-opening and assist in keeping out snow, hail, or rain, while admitting of ventilation. The slats may be of glass or sheet metal, as desired, and of The upper edge of the sheet of glass at the aperture F, I protect and sustain with a cross-bar or border formed about as shown in Fig. 8, with rabbet a and gutter b of sheet metal. It extends across from one hip-bar to the other, and its gutter communicates with their gutters, so that all water which might possibly reach the upper edge-of the glass plate and the cross-bar gutter will be carried oft properly, and none reach the interior of the building below.

The two end ventilators in most cases are sufficient to ventilate; but in a square skylight (hipped) four may be used, as in Fig.5. This gives very effective ventilation; but to obtain more outlets, when desirable, I construct additional ventilators by an upward vertical extension of the ridge-bar or superaddition thereto, as at K, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 7, and 8. I provide apertures in one or more of the glass sections similar to those hereinbefore mentioned, and protect and sustain the edgeof the glass with a cross or border bar corresponding with that hereinbefore described, and construct a hood to protect the aperture, as follows; The vertically-extended ridge K is provided with an upper rabbet, as shown in Fig. 10 at 0, to support the upper edge of a sheet of glass, L, forming the top or roof of the hood, and to the bar I attach two or more frame-bars, M, sloping from the ridge at any suitable angle to any suitable distance. At the lowermost extremity thereof I secure vertical bars N, their lower ends attached to the sloping bars of the skylight. The glass of the top is marked L, and the sides of the hood are marked ventilator is produced, not in any manner in E 2. In ahipped skylight, the combination of terfering with or obstructing the light, and.

this form of ventilator may be used without thehip device, if desired,which would of course not be used therewith in any other formof skylight than the hipped variety.

Ventilators for skylights located at the ridge have been made of sheet metal placed upon ing-outlet, securely protected, is obtained, and

the removal of heated air at the ridge thoroughlyefi'ectuated. Thehoods are ornamental, and the greatest degree of lightness consistent with strength may be obtained, while they form transparent or translucent ventilators.

The verticallyextended ridge between the respective rabbets may be perforated to admit passage of air over the main ridge, if desired, and instead oi extending the ridge vertically, it already built, to form support for the hood, a plate, perforated or not, may be employed, attached to ridge and hood as a support, or, again, the hood may havea ridge separate supported from the main ridge by standards. These I consider equivalents for the extended ridge hereinbefore described.

\Vha-t I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a hipped skylight, the ventilatonaperture 1?, located adjacent to the ridge, as shown, and provided with a hood or' raised roof of metal frame and glass, essentially as shown and described.

extension ridge-bar B and gable or sloping .bars G,with hipped bars 0, to form frame for a ventilator-hood, substantially as shown and described.

3. In a hipped skylight, the ventilator consisting of opening F, chamber F, extcnsionridge B, sloping or gable bars G, and glass sheets E, in combination with hi p-bars 0, substantially as shown and described.

4.. In combination with gable-bars G, hip bars 0, and glass E, the crossbar H, provided with rabbet a and gutter b, substantially as shown and described.

5. In combination with ridge bar B and gable-bars G, one or more movable or stationary louver slats or valves, I, substantially as shown and described.

6. In a hipped skylight, the combination of two or more ventilators located at but below the apex of the skylight, each constructed as herein set forth, and adapted to operate simultaneously or individually, as and for the purpose described and set forth.

7. The vertical extension K or superaddition to the ridge-bar, provided with 'rabbets c, to form supports for sheets of glass L, essentially as shown and described.

8. In combination with super ridge or eX-' tension K, the frame-bars M and N, with glass L, and sides 0, constituting a. hood to an opening, F, substantially as shown and described. 9. In a double-pitch skylight, two apertures, F, provided with a hood, K, having two slopes, each slope glazed, as at L, the glasses supported by framework of bent sheet metal resting upon the ridge, and sloping bars of the skylight, substantially as shown. and described.

. GEO. HAYES. Witnesses:

J neon KocH, GEORGE A. HAYES. 

